domingo, 1 de marzo de 2015

Francisco y el narcotráfico

Cayeron mal en México las palabras del papa Francisco sobre que “ojalá estemos a tiempo de evitar la mexicanización”, refiriéndose al avance violento del narcotráfico en Argentina. El gobierno de Enrique Peña Nieto las consideró una estigmatización injusta.
Años atrás el mismo dolor sintió el gobierno de Colombia cuando el periodismo internacional temía la “colombianización” de México, advirtiendo que la violencia de los carteles de Cali y Medellín se estaba expandiendo a Guerrero y Tamaulipas. Cuarenta mil asesinatos de mexicanos después, aquella estigmatización solo fue un crudo diagnóstico.
Los prejuicios y comparaciones duelen por odiosas, pero no se puede desconocer la realidad. Aún más, el papa Francisco hubiera acertado si se refería a toda Latinoamérica y no solo a Argentina, ya que el narcotráfico ha convertido al continente en el más letal del mundo.
Francisco, en realidad, solo citaba el “terror” que los obispos mexicanos dicen se vive en su país cada vez más infiltrado por el narcotráfico, y que se ha apoderado de todos los sectores y estratos, así como lo estuvo Colombia cuando las mafias dominaban, compraban conciencias, elecciones y asientos en congresos, tribunales y alcaldías. Pablo Escobar fue capo y diputado, y jefes de carteles de menor o mayor calibre que él, lamentablemente hoy forman parte de los poderes públicos de muchos países latinoamericanos.
El problema es que muchos se han acostumbrado a que el narco sea parte del paisaje; está institucionalizado. Por ello las denuncias contra el presidente del Congreso de Venezuela, Diosdado Cabello, de que sería el jefe del cartel de los Soles no causaron más que algunos titulares de ocasión.
Denuncias graves parecidas en Bolivia y Perú o sobre elecciones financiadas por el narco en Ecuador, también pasaron desapercibidas. Es que el narco se ha extendido y arraigado en el sistema y creado tácticas de autoprotección. Por eso en ese laberinto de la narcopolítica pocos se atreven a denunciar, y los que lo hacen, políticos, fiscales y periodistas, terminan asesinados y sus crímenes en total impunidad.
Un caso pavoroso que describe esta narcopolítica ocurrió en Paraguay. Se sabía que el epicentro mafioso estaba en Ciudad del Este, pero de tanta inacción del Estado, el narco fue corrompiendo otras zonas de la política nacional. De ejemplo sirve el asesinato del periodista Pablo Medina en octubre pasado, que después de denunciar a un alcalde por narcotraficante, le descerrajaron a tiros la cabeza. Tras determinar que el alcalde era el autor intelectual, la policía requisó de su domicilio toneladas de marihuana, parte de ella camuflada en una ambulancia del hospital público que usaba para distribuirla. Finalmente el alcalde escapó, protegido por policías y otras autoridades que acostumbraban a recibir bonos y beneficios.
No todo son batallas perdidas. El gobierno mexicano viene gastando mucho presupuesto y aportando muchas víctimas contra el narcotráfico, y sin ello la realidad podría ser más oscura. Colombia también se alió al gobierno de EEUU que, admitiendo culpas por generar la mayor demanda de drogas, aportó millones que sirvieron para sanear en parte la política y que el tráfico de drogas quede circunscripto al accionar de guerrilleros y paramilitares.
En este contexto, se avecina ahora el mayor reto de los colombianos para desprenderse aún más de su pasado. Si el proceso de paz entre el gobierno y las FARC se concreta, no hay dudas que los guerrilleros dejarán las armas y se insertarán en la vida política, pero habrá que ver en que manos quedará el negocio millonario del narcotráfico que les ha permitido costear por décadas su ideología.
Medellín es claro ejemplo de batallas ganadas. Después de ser la ciudad más violenta del mundo en la época de Escobar, se ha transformado en capital de la innovación y la tecnología al provecho de sus ciudadanos. Y hoy poco les importa que su pasado siga creando estigmatizaciones y que a la ciudad de Rosario se la conozca como la “Medellín argentina”.
Es entendible que se le reclame a Francisco por la estigmatización incómoda creada entre mexicanos y argentinos. Pero sería una pena que ambos gobiernos se ensañen contra el mensajero, en vez de actuar en contra del narcotráfico. 

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